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Thursday, October 24, 2019

Pan et al. (2018) -- Elevated CO2 Reduces Heat Stress in Tomato Plants

Pan, C., 
Ahammed, G.J., 
Li, X. and Shi, K. 

2018

Elevated CO2 improves 
photosynthesis under 
high temperature 
by attenuating the 
functional limitations 
to energy fluxes, 
electron transport 
and redox homeostasis 
in tomato leaves. 

Frontiers in Plant Science 9: 
Article 1739, 
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01739.


NOTE:
Heat stress can cause 
plant dehydration and 
oxidation damage
to bio-membranes,
from elevated reactive 
oxygen species ( ROS ). 

Elevated CO2 levels 
reduce the severity 
of this heat stress. 

Interactive effects 
of heat stress and 
atmospheric CO2 
on plants were 
investigated by 
Pan et al. (2018).


SUMMARY:
Pan et al. write that the
"heat stress-caused 
drastic reduction 
in CO2 assimilation." 

Elevated CO2 
was able to 
fully reverse 
the negative effects 
of heat stress 
on net photosynthesis 
of the tomato plants.



Figure 1, below:
Effects of 
elevated CO2 
and heat stress 
on the net 
photosynthetic 
rate ( Pn ) 
of tomato plants. 

The red text above 
shows the change in Pn 
due to elevated CO2 
during the control, 
heat and recovery 
stages.




At normal 
temperatures, 
elevated CO2 
increased net 
photosynthesis 
by +45%. 

Regardless of CO2 
concentration, heat stress 
reduced net photosynthesis, 
which parameter increased 
during the recovery period 
but not quite back to its 
pre-stressed condition. 

Nevertheless, 
elevated CO2 caused 
a relative increase 
in net photosynthesis 
of +116% and +96% 
during heat stress 
and recovery.



Figure 2, below
presents the effects 
of elevated CO2 
and heat stress 
on the maximum 
photochemical 
efficiency of 
photosystem II 
   ( Fv / Fm )







The left panel 
displays 
the maximum 
photochemical 
efficiency 
of photosystem II 
     ( Fv  / Fm ) 
shown in pseudo 
color images, 


The right panel 
shows the actual 
Fv/Fm values, 
with the 
percentages 
in red text, 
indicating 
the change 
in Fv/Fm values, 
due to 
elevated CO2 
during the heat 
and recovery 
period.



Elevated CO2 
had no effect 
on Fv / Fm 
under normal 
temperature 
conditions.

But it increased 
this parameter 
by +60% 
and +14% 
in response 
to heat stress 
and at recovery, 
respectively, 
compared with 
that observed 
in the ambient 
CO2 treatments.



DETAILS:
Work was conducted 
in environmentally 
controlled growth 
chambers 
( E8 Growth Chamber, 
Conviron, Winnipeg, 
MB, Canada )

Tomato seedlings 
( Solanum 
lycopersicum 
cv. Hezuo 903 ) 
were exposed to 
CO2 concentrations 
of either 380 ppm, 
or 800 ppm. 

After an acclimation 
period of 48 hours, 
half the seedlings
in each 
CO2 treatment, 
were subjected 
to 24 hours 
of heat stress 
( 42°C, compared 
to unstressed 
day / night t
emperatures
of 26/22°C 
in control plants ), 
followed by 
a 24 hour 
recovery 
period. 

After 24 hours 
of heat stress
and again
after the 24 hour 
recovery period 
back to the control 
temperatures, 
measurements 
were made
to evaluate 
the ability 
of elevated CO2 
to mitigate 
temperature 
stress.