Temperatures
on the ocean's
surface are 71%
of the global
average surface
temperature
statistic.
Measured along
shipping routes,
mainly in the
Northern
Hemisphere,
before 1950
Varying
measurement
methods.
Poor coverage
from 1880 to 2000
in the Southern
Hemisphere’s
oceans, which
are 80.9% of the
Southern Hemisphere.
On January 16, 2020,
the Wall Street Journal
published a lead article
by Robert Lee Hotz stating:
"NASA, NOAA ranked 2019
as the second-hottest year
in tracking data to 1880.
The world experienced
near-record global
temperatures in 2019,
federal climate scientists
said. ---
This claim was made
despite the fact that
absolutely no credible
temperature data exists
over this period
for more than 40%
of the planet.
After 2000,
there were
diving buoys.
But when the
best technology
designed
specifically
for the purpose,
the ARGO buoys,
disappointed
by showing
no upward trend,
the data
from the buoys
was ‘adjusted.’
John Bates,
data quality officer
with NOAA admitted:
‘They had
good data
from buoys ...
and
'corrected’ it
by using
the bad data
from ships'.
You never change
good data to agree
with bad, but that’s
what they did -
so as to make it
look as if the sea
was warmer."
Hotz
retired
after that
suspicious
change
was made.
( Note: A Wall street
Journal graph,
not accessible
to me, showed
significant adjustments,
yielding a warming trend,
after adjustments. )
Global data had
a cyclical pattern,
similar to Northern
Hemisphere data
( higher temperatures
in the 1930s and 1940s,
lower temperatures
in the 70s ).
Over time,
climate history
was "adjusted"
to remove the cycle
and create a
strongly upward
sloping linear
temperature
trend.