There are thousands
of real science studies,
not computer game projections,
showing CO2 enrichment
accelerates
plant growth,
plant growth,
reduces plant
fresh water use
and results in
bigger plants.
That's why
I favor a lot more
CO2 in the air,
based on real
science experiments,
science experiments,
not meaningless
computer games.
No one with sense
would want less CO2
in the air !
The global warmunists
completely ignore benefits
of adding CO2 to the air.
They focus on imaginary
harm caused by CO2 ...
... but there is no harm,
from adding CO2
to the air,
to the air,
so they invented
a fairy tale
of runaway
global warming
global warming
from man made CO2,
eventually ending
all life on Earth.
That fairy tale
is nonsense
invented out of thin air,
with no science back-up
at all, but warmunists
teaching in schools,
and writing in the media
have done a good job
'selling' their fairy tale.
Few warmunists
bother to respond
to CO2 enrichment
plant studies,
but if they do respond,
they usually claim
the effect of extra CO2
on green plants
is just temporary
-- the plants
will get acclimated
to more CO2 in the air,
and it will stop
having any effect.
Except that
real scientific
studies prove that
"acclimated" claim
is false !
(1)
The "acclimated" claim
ignores thousands of
greenhouse owners
around the world
who pay for their
CO2 enrichment
systems that add
systems that add
CO2 to the inside
air of their
greenhouses --
I suppose none of them
know anything
about growing plants?
(2)
Their 'acclimated' claims
are not based on
real scientific studies,
that can be replicated
by other scientists, and
(3)
Their 'acclimated' claims
ignore many prior studies
of real outdoor plants
exposed to high levels
of natural CO2 !
The evolutionary
response of plants
is difficult to evaluate
using lab experiments
because of the
long time period
needed for a study,
and artificial
lab conditions
do not precisely
replicate
natural plants
living outdoors.
Some studies
avoid potential problems
by using outdoor plants
already growing near
natural CO2 springs,
where they
were exposed
were exposed
to a CO2-enriched air
for many generations.
Those plants provide
a unique opportunity
for evaluating effects
of permanently elevated
natural atmospheric CO2.
Such studies
indicate effects of
a doubling, tripling
or even greater
CO2 enrichment,
improves
the productivity
the productivity
and water use efficiency
of plants.
At CO2-emitting springs
near Pisa, Italy:
Tognetti et al. (2000)
studied three
woody shrubs
(Erica arborea,
Myrtus communis, and
Juniperus communis)
growing near
the springs,
the springs,
where the CO2 level
was 700 ppm
versus other plants
growing further
from the springs,
where CO2
was 360 ppm.
was 360 ppm.
The group of
five scientists
concluded that
CO2-induced
adjustments
in the shrubs’
internal water relations
would likely allow them
“to endure severe
periodic drought.”
In another study
at the same location,
Tognetti et al. (2002)
found elevated CO2
altered the elastic
cell-wall properties
of all three shrubs
which gave
the shrubs
the shrubs
greater capacities
for water uptake
from the soil than
the control plants
growing in ambient
air / CO2.
The CO2-enriched shrubs
also had greater relative
water content than
the control plants.
Bartak et al. (1999)
studied mature
Arbutus unedo trees
growing in the
general vicinity
of CO2-emitting vents
located in central Italy.
At different distances
from the vents,
CO2 concentrations
were 355 ppm (ambient)
and 465 ppm (CO2-enriched)
over 30 years.
Bartak et al. determined
this modest 30% increase
in CO2 concentration
boosted
photosynthetic rates
in the perennial evergreens
by 110% to 140%,
depending on
light intensity.
They also found
CO2-enriched trees
experienced no
acclimation
to the extra
vent-derived CO2
to which they were
continuously exposed.
Fernandez et al. (1998)
studied effects
of very high CO2 levels
produced by
natural CO2 springs
on an indigenous tree
during rainy and dry
seasons in Venezuela.
They found the
ultra-high
ultra-high
CO2 concentrations,
up to 100 times
the current
global average,
did not harm the trees.
Photosynthesis
was stimulated
by the high CO2
in all seasons.
High CO2
concentrations
reduced leaf
stomatal densities
by about 70%,
causing water use
efficiency of the trees
to rise 2-fold
and 19-fold,
respectively,
during the rainy
and dry seasons,
when a CO2
concentration
of 1,000 ppm
was compared to
an ambient level
of 350 ppm
( almost a tripling
of the CO2 level ).
Polle et al. (2001)
collected acorns
from mature
holm oak trees
(Quercus ilex L.)
growing naturally
for their
entire lifetimes
at ambient
and twice-ambient
CO2 concentrations
due to their
different distances
from a CO2-emitting
spring in central Italy.
After germinating
the acorns,
the resulting
seedlings
seedlings
were grown
for eight months
at both CO2
concentrations
to determine
whether
CO2 enrichment
CO2 enrichment
of parent trees
had any effect
on seedling response
to CO2 enrichment.
The results reveal
elevated CO2 increased
whole-plant biomass
by 158% and 246%
in seedlings
derived from acorns
produced in ambient
and twice-ambient
CO2 concentrations,
respectively.
The final biomass
of the CO2-enriched
seedlings
derived from acorns
produced in
CO2-enriched air
was 25% greater than
CO2-enriched seedlings
derived from acorns
produced in
ambient air / CO2.